Hello
from Mangalore! You've probably heard in quizzes that the cradle of banking is
nothing but Dakshina Kannada or Mangaluru. Mangalore is a coastal city in
Karnataka situated on the west coast.
A Historical and Geographical Perspective
Mangalore is located at 12°-52’N latitude and 74°-49’E longitude,
nestled at the confluence of the Nethravathi and Gurupura rivers. It is flanked
by the Western Ghats to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west.
The name "Mangalore" is an anglicised version. One of
the earliest references to this name is made by Pandya King Chettian, who
called the city "Managalapuram" in 715 AD. Another historical
reference comes from the 11th-century Arabian traveler Ibn Batuta, who referred
to Mangalore as "Manjarur." These variations in spelling are
attributed to the pronunciation gap between Arabic and the local language. In
the native Tulu language, the city is known as "Kudla," meaning
junction, due to its location at the confluence of the two rivers. In Konkani,
it's "Kodial," "Maikal" in Beary, "Kodiyal" in
Konkani, "Mangalapuram" in Malayalam, and "Mangaluru" in
Kannada.
The region covering Mangalore is known locally as Tulunadu, on
account of the predominance of the Tulu language.
It is believed that the city derived its name from the temple of
Goddess Mangaladevi. Mangaluru literally means the city of Mangala. According
to legend, Matsyendranatha, one of the important propounders of the Nath cult,
arrived in Mangalore with the princess of Kerala, Premaladevi. He named her Mangaladevi.
It is believed that they could not proceed further as Mangaladevi died after a
brief period of illness, and a temple was consecrated in her name at Bolar.
Later, the Mangaladevi temple was renovated by the Alupa king Kundavarma in 968
AD.
You can also find nostalgia in Amitav Ghosh's "In an Antique
Land." Amitav Ghosh takes you through the parallel worlds of 12th-century
Mangalore-Egypt trade route and the lives of people in 20th-century
Mangalore-Egypt. So, you read two narratives simultaneously, one being the
reconstruction of Abraham Ben Yiju, a Jewish merchant, and Bomma.
Officially addressed as Mangaluru, Mangalore is the largest city
of the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. Being an industrial and
commercial hub, this coastal city has a bustling and hectic ambiance. Around
75% of India’s cashew and coffee exports happen through the Mangalore port.
Situated right on the estuaries of Netravathi and Gurupur Rivers, Mangalore is
known among die-hard travelers for its Arabian Sea views and seafood.
Cultural Splendor and Gastronomic Delights
Mangalore, with its pristine beaches, swaying coconut trees, and
numerous Devi temples, offers travelers an enchanting and exotic experience.
The allure of Mangalorean cuisine further adds to its charm, with its
delectable and rich coconut-based curries, including various fish curries,
tantalizing the taste buds of both locals and visitors alike.
The celebration of Keddasa, honoring Mother Earth (Bhoomi Devi)
during her menstruation, is a holistic tradition observed in Tulunad. The Aati
Festival stands as a testament to Mangalore's vibrant culture, drawing tourists
with its lively folk dances and festivities. Among these dances, Pilivesha,
also known as the tiger dance, holds a special place, traditionally performed
during Dasara, adding an element of tradition and excitement to the celebrations.
Additionally, the region boasts unique folk games such as the
Kambula buffalo race and cockfights, which showcase the rich cultural heritage
and recreational traditions of the area. Yakshagana, a performing art native to
Tulunadu, combines dance, music, dialogue, costume, make-up, and stage
techniques in a unique style and form. It is believed to have evolved from
pre-classical music and theatre during the period of the Bhakti movement.
"Bhoota Kola" or "Bhuta Kola" is a ritualistic
theatre form that worships lesser-known demons and spirits, representing the
religious sentiments and culture of the pious people of Tulu Nadu. This folk
art form also fosters social connections and contributes to a vibrant community
life.
While the mention of the Kantara film might evoke thoughts of
stage performances or cinematic adaptations, it actually delves into the realm
of Tulunadu's rich mythology and belief in demigods. The area's deep-rooted
faith in these beings contributes to the rich tapestry of folklore and living
heritage that defines the land of Tulunadu.
Indeed, Tulunadu is a treasure trove of folklore, attracting
researchers and enthusiasts alike to delve into its cultural nuances and
traditions. Through extensive research, scholars have unraveled the intricate
threads of folk culture, shedding light on the timeless customs and beliefs
that continue to shape the identity of this region.
Evolution of Banking
Mangalore has a long history of nurturing banking business. In
1829, the Bank of Madras had a branch here. It is worth noting that this bank
came all the way from Madras. Later, this bank became a part of the Imperial
Bank of India in 1921 and later in 1955 as State Bank of India.
Mangalore, often hailed as the cradle of banking, has played a
pivotal role in shaping the financial landscape of India. The emergence of nine
banks within its boundaries underscores its significance as a banking hub. This
distinction is further amplified by the historical context of Karnataka's
coastal districts, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi, collectively referred to as South
Canara, being revered as the birthplace of banking in India.
Seven of the nation's premier banks, including renowned
institutions like Canara Bank, e-Syndicate Bank, e-Corporation Bank, e-Vijaya
Bank, and Karnataka Bank, originated from these districts. Their establishment
solidified the region's reputation as a powerhouse in the banking sector. The
unparalleled distribution of banks, with a branch for every 500 individuals,
speaks volumes about the accessibility and penetration of banking services in the
area.
The period between 1880 and 1935 witnessed a significant surge in
banking establishments in coastal Karnataka, with a total of 22 banks being
founded during this time. As of December 31, 2023, Dakshina Kannada boasts 543
branches, while Udupi hosts 346 branches, as per the RBI’s district-wise
statistics on reporting offices, aggregate deposits, and bank credit of
scheduled commercial banks (SCBs).
It's noteworthy that these figures do not include the branches of
cooperative banks, which further augment the banking infrastructure in the
region. Both Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts have demonstrated remarkable
penetration into households' banking habits, spanning urban and rural areas.
The Census 2011 data reflects this trend, indicating a higher
uptake of banking services compared to the national and state averages.
Dakshina Kannada district, in particular, stands out with a staggering 86.82%
of households availing banking services, showcasing the region's deep-rooted
banking culture. Udupi district surpasses even this remarkable figure, with an
impressive 93.71% of households utilizing banking services.
The statistics further reveal that rural households in these districts are equally proactive in embracing banking, with 93.39% of them accessing banking services. This exceptional level of banking penetration sets Dakshina Kannada and Udupi apart, positioning them as exemplars for other districts striving to achieve similar milestones in financial inclusion.
Reference:
1. Quarterly Statistics On Deposits And Credit Of Scheduled Commercial Banks
2. Looking for Bomma JamesClifford
3. Banking on NH 66 by Dr N K Thingalaya